About 35,000 years ago, on the walls of caves near Lascaux, France, Cro-Magnon hunters drew images of the animals they hunted, imitating the structure of geospatial data with two elements, namely an image associated with attribute information. At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of computerized hardware, new data analysis software for making maps, the first algorithms for managing these spatial data appear. Today, the analysis, visualization, and statistical interpretation of geospatial data can be solved using various modules developed in machine learning such as: Python, Matlab, Carto, etc. These languages use different web libraries: Google Maps, Web Map Service (WMS), Global Maps, etc. depending on the result of viewing geospatial data on the users map. Starting from these arguments, in the scientific paper we will present the analysis, visualization, and interpretation of geospatial data using computer applications, which can combine data with base map layers from multiple sources in a single map display.

Digital terrain modeling is basically the creation of a digital representation of the terrain topography. Although maps that presented topographic information have been collected in a precise digital form to allow the creation of digital terrain topography models, such a model can be made using ArcMap software. In order to prepare the digital terrain model, there are used graphic and script data - a *.dwg file that includes the road section and geographical coordinates of the points of interest extracted from Google Earth. The geographical coordinates were converted into cartesian coordinates, this conversion being made using The World Coordinate Converter application. Based on the extracted data, a three-dimensional elevation model can be generated, and further used in varrious fields and applications. The generation of longitudinal and transversal profiles, with related details, is essential for better understanding the land configuration and a proper road design.

In recent years, there has been a strong emphasis on developing tools to streamline the realization of three-dimensional virtual models of cities. Therefore, the algorithms used to create 3D models are based on the combination of classical or GPS measurements with images taken using digital terrestrial or aerial camera systems. The visualization of the three-dimensional virtual models of the buildings is most often made on the basis of online platforms, created for this purpose. Such a well-built platform will quickly load the 3D model of the building and will allow its exploitation to the maximum level. The obtained result is very important in fields such as architecture and urbanism, offering the possibility to make simulations and visualizations on the project, to draw up projects for the reconstruction or restoration of monuments and buildings.

The use of engineering topography, both in the realization of works of art and in their rehabilitation, is a particularly important element in the adoption of the best technical, economic and sustainable solutions. In this article, we set out to present a topographic study necessary for the rehabilitation of a land area related to a sports complex located in Bocsa, Caras-Severin County in Romania.

Waste generation is the indicator that best illustrates the extent of the interaction between human activities and the environment. Waste generation usually follows consumption and production trends and monitoring of landfills in landfills for large urban agglomerations is a key parameter for waste management over a period. To this end, this paper addressed the topic of calculating the volume of waste deposited, using topographic techniques and technologies.

For the safety of the flight and the aeronautical activities, on the lands afferent to the objectives of civil aeronautics but also on the lands in their vicinity, requirements, conditions and restrictions provided by the applicable national and international civil aeronautical regulations must be imposed. In this context, following this study, the aim is to obtain the cartographic and electronic data necessary to identify the obstacles that affect the safety of aircraft in flight activities over these surfaces. At the same time, the provision of cartographic data necessary for the urban development of the areas around the airports is considered.

The introduction of the systematic cadastre on Territorial Administrative Unit Do?tat took place within the National Cadastre and Land Book Program (PNCCF), started by the National Agency of Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising (ANCPI) for free registration of real estates into the Integrated Cadastre and Land Book System. The systematic registration works initiated by the territorial administrative units, having as object the cadastral sectors within the territorial administrative units Do?tat, include real estate located outside the built-up area, regardless of the quality of the right holder, respectively owner, holder of a real right over the real estate or possessor.

The preservation of the cultural and natural heritage contributes to the formation of the local identity and the increase of the social cohesion by capitalizing on it. The national heritage has major implications for the tourism sector, which in turn has broad ramifications for all economic sectors, regardless of the object of activity. The topography, through the complex of works that serves a project of rehabilitation of a tourist objective, offers the necessary tools to carry out the work of all defining stages: topographic survey of the real situation in the field, transposition of projected elements in the field and updating data according to new arrangements. For the suggestiveness of the work, the „Poarta lui Ionele” Cave was chosen as a case study - an objective that is part of the patrimony of the Apuseni National Park.